Myanmar is at a critical moment in its development. The economic and political decisions of today will have serious implications for the development path the country will be taking. These years are so relevant because of the political transformation process, and because of the current international commodity boom: if Myanmar specializes on primary products it risks embarking on a sub-optimal growth trajectory of volatile export earnings and an economic structure that is easier subject to volatile shocks and special interest groups. Instead, Myanmar should target early on a steady movement towards more complex products services, and a more diversified industrial and trade structure.